Rainer's virtual planet of technology interest
History
of the Internet and where I fit in
1958
Eisenhower requests funds from Congress to set
up ARPA. Approved as a line item in Air Force appropriations bill. ARPA
established
Late summer 1958
NASA appropriations approved. Space & missile
programs transferred from ARPA to NASA. ARPA budget left at $ 150 million
1960-1961
Ted Nelson proposes "Xanadu". First Paper on
packet-switching theory by Len Kleinrock, "Information Flow in Large
Communication Nets," published by RLE Quarterly Progress Report
1962
Paul Baran, RAND Corporation study, "On
Distributed Communication Networks"
April, 23 1962
I was born
August 1962
First paper on Internet Concept by J.C.R.
Licklider & Welden Clark, "On-Line Man Computer Communication."
1963
J.C.R Licklider memo addresses "Members of the
Intergalactic Computer Network"
1964
NASA (Bob Taylor) funds Doug Engelbart's
"Augmentation Lab."
Communication Nets' a book by Len Kleinrock, provides the network design and
queuing theory necessary to build packet networks. This work was a major factor
in designing the communication network for the ARPANET
March 1964
First paper on secure packetized voice
communications by Paul Baran. "On Distributed Communications Networks, "IEEE
Transactions on systems. It is from this paper that the false rumor was started
that the Internet was created by the military to withstand nuclear war.
1965
"Moore's Law first postulated by Gordon Moore,
Donald Davis, national Physical laboratory, UK packetizing data for
store-and-forward communication
February 1965
First network experiments: Ivan Sutherland,
director of IPTO at ARPA, gives contract to Larry Roberts at MIT Lincoln
Laboratory.
October 1965
First network experiments: Lincoln Lab's TX-2
tied to SDC's Q32. This experiment was the first time two computers talked to
each other and the first time packets were used to communicate between
computers.
1966
Bob Taylor wonders why his three computers should
not be connected
October 1966
First paper on network experiments, Larry
Roberts & Thomas Marill, "Toward a Cooperative Network of Time-shared
Computers," Fall AFIPS Conference
December 1966
ARPA Communications Program begins. Larry
Roberts becomes ARPA chief scientist and begins the design of the ARPANET. The
ARPANET program as proposed to Congress by Roberts was to explore computer
resource sharing and packet-switched communications.
April 1967
ARPANET Design Session held by Roberts at
ARPA/IPTO Principal Investigator meeting in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It was at this
meeting that Wes Clark suggested the use of minicomputers for network packet
switches (IMPs) instead of using the mainframe computers themselves for
switching
October 1967
Original ARPANET design paper, Lawrence
Roberts, "Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communication", ACM
Conference, Gatlinburg, Tennessee.
First use of the word "packet" by Donna Davies, Roger Scantlebury et al, in
their paper "A Digital Communications Network for Computers" presented at ACM
Gatlinburg. Donald Davies could not convince the British to fund a wide area
network experiment.
1968
Doug Engelbart's "mother of all demos": the
mouse, windows, videoconferencing.
August 1968
Request for Quotations release for ARPANET by
Larry Roberts, ARPA. The RFQ mandated the main packet-switching design elements
for the ARPANET.
September 1968
ARPANET RFP responses received. Evaluation was
by Roberts, ARPA staff and a group of ARPA contractors
December 1968
ARPANET contract awarded to Bolt, Beranek &
Newman (BBN) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Frank Heart's group at BBN began to
build the ARPANET Interface Message Processors (IMPs) The BBN group proposed to
use Honeywell 516 minicomputers for the IMPs. The team included Bob Kahn, Severo
Ornstien, Dave Walden and others
Senator Edward Kennedy's office sent a message of congratulation to BBN re:
"Interfaith" Message Processor.
1969
Department of Justice filed antimonopoly suit
again IBM
April 1969
Host of IMP Specification #1822 released,
written by Bob Kahn at BBN. The spec detailed the interface between ARPANET host
computers and the IMPs. The IMPs needed to be connected to each computer with
this unique hardware interface. It needed to be designed and built for each
different computer attached.
Request for Comments (FRC) # 1 "Host Software" released, written by Steve
Crocker, covering host-to-host protocol, the first output of the Network Working
Group (NWG)
September 1, 1969
First node of ARPANET installed at UCLA Network
Measurement Center, where Len Kleinrock's group connected the IMP to their Sigma
7 computer.
September 1969
Bob Taylor leaves ARPA for the University of
Utah and Larry Roberts become fourth director of IPTO
October 1, 1969
Second node of ARPANET installed at Stanford
Research Institute where Doug Engelbart's group connected it to their SDS 940
computer. The first ARPANET messages passed that day: "LOG-IN .... Crash! The
network crashed on the letter "G".
November 1, 1969
Third node of the ARPANET installed at
University of California, Santa Barbara, connecting to their IBM 360/75
December 1, 1969
Fourth node of the ARPANET installed at the
University of Utah, connecting to their DEC PDP-10
March 1970
ARPANET first spans the US connecting BBN (node
#5) into the Net.
June 1970
Xerox PARC opened. bob Taylor is found and
associate manager of the Computer Science Laboratory.
July 1970
First packet radio network. Alohanet
operational at University of Hawaii under Norm Abramson using the Aloha concept
of random packet retransmission
1971
15 nodes on he ARPANET: UCLA, SRI, UCSB, U of
U, BBN, MIT, Rand Corporation, Systems Development Corporation, Harvard, Lincoln
Lab, Stanford University, U of Illinois, Case Western Reserve, Carnegie Mellon,
and NASA/Ames.
September 1971
First terminal interface processor (TIP) in
ARPANET permitting terminals to directly dial into the network, greatly
increasing the network growth
1972
Federal Trade Commission accused Xerox of
illegally monopolizing the plain paper copier market
March 1972
First basic e-mail programs, SNDMSG and
READMAIL, written by Ray Tomlinson at BBN
July 1972
First e-mail management program, RD, written by
Larry Roberts at ARPA to list incoming messages and support forwarding, filing
and responding to them
July 1972
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) specification (RFC
354) released by Jon Postel, the editor of the Request for Comments and Abhay
Bhushan, the chairman of the Network Working Group
October 1972
First, ARPANET public demonstration at ICCC in
Washington organized by Robert Kahn of BBN. Kahn was then hired by Roberts into
ARPA. 29 nodes on the ARPANET at the time.
1973
Both Bob Metcalfe and Larry Tesler, among
others, join Xerox PARC, the first Alto built by Lampson, Thacker, etc. at Xerox
PARC
First international connections to the ARPANET: University College of London
(England) and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway)
May 1973
First Ethernet operation at Xerox PARC designed
by Robert Metcalfe. He had expanded the Alohanet packet radio concepts and
applied them to cable technology
May 22, 1973
Bob Metcalfe coins term "Ethernet" in Xerox
PARC memo.
October 1973
Larry Roberts leaves ARPA, joining Telenet. the
first packet-switching carrier, as CEO. Licklider returns to ARPA as Director of
IPTO. Telenet proved that packet switching was fro more economic that the
telephone network for data.
1974
Intel launches the 8080 microprocessor
May 1974
First internetworking protocol. TCP outlined in
a paper by Robert Kahn and Vincent Cerf. "A protocol for Packet Network
Interconnection" Kahn and Cerf had started design in 1973.
June 1974
62 hosts on ARPANET
January 1975
Popular Electronics magazine featured what it
announced as the world's first personal computer - the Altair 8800; Bill Gates
and Paul Allen partner to write Basic for the Altair
July 1975
ARPANET management transferred to DCA, the
Defense Communication Agency; Microsoft founded in Albuquerque, New Mexico
1976
Atlantic Packet Satellite Network SatNet
created; Apple Computer founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak; Queen Elizabeth
II sends out e-mail
July 1976
Vint Cerf joins ARPA as program manager of the
packet radio and packet satellite network
March 1977
111 hosts on ARPANET
1978
The First West Coast Computer Faire, promoted
by Jim Warren, took place in San Francisco's Civic Auditorium. Apple II launched
- the first retail, mass-market personal computer.
March 1978
TCP protocol split into TCP and IP
June 1979
Bob Metcalfe and others found 3Com - Computer
Communication Compatibility
October 1979
VisiCalc spreadsheet software goes on sale,
designed for the Apple II
December 1979
Steve Jobs visits Xerox PARC to see a
demonstration of the Alto
1980
Tim Berners-Lee writes a program called
"Enquire Within" - the predecessor of his World Wide Web
July 1980
NSF organizes CSNET, increasing it to 70 sites
by June 1983 and integrating most computer-science sites by 1986
1981
CSNET (Computer Science NETwork) built by
collaboration of computer scientists at University of Delaware, Purdue
University, University of Wisconsin, RAND Corporation and BBN through seed money
granted by NSF to provide networking services (especially e-mail) to university
scientists with no access to ARPAnet.
January 1981
Microsoft has 40 employees
August 1981
IBM announces the IBM Personal Computer;
Microsoft creates the DOS operating system for the PC and its clones
September 1981
213 nodes on ARPANET
January 1982
Sun Microsystems founded by Vino Khosla, Scott
McNealy, Any Bechtolsheim and Bill Joy; 3Com starts selling Etherlink connectors
for IBM PCs
Summer 1982
Novell Data Systems sells its furniture to meet
payroll, John Warnoc and Chuck`Geschke (Xerox PARC computer-science researchers)
quit to start up Adobe Systems; Sun I, the Sun Microsystems workstation launched
December 1982
Drew Major and SuperSet colleagues decide to
network the IBM PC
1983
ARPANET and Defense Data Networks begin to use
TCP/IP protocol, thus the Internet is born. Ray Noorda acquires control of
Novell Data Systems and relaunches the company as Novell Inc.
Bob Taylor leaves Xerox PARC to found and manage Digital Equipment Corporation's
Systems Research Center.
DCA splits MILNET from ARPANET, leaving 68 nodes on ARPANET and 45 on MILNET,
the military network; NSFNet first established. Cisco systems founded
(incorporated in 1984); Quantum's Q-Link online service offered to Atari and
Commodore computer users.
Internet Activities Board (IAB) established.
June 1983
Novell's Netware" first demonstrated in
Houston, Texas
September 1983
562 nodes on ARPANET
1983
Desktop workstations come into being, many with
the Berkeley UNIX operating system, which includes IP networking software.
November 1983
Domain Name System (DNS) designed by Jon
Postelk Paul Mockapetris and Craig Partridge to support the e-mail addressing
format, creating .edu. .gov, .com, .mil, .org, .net & .int.
January 1984
1,000 hosts on the Internet; Whole Earth's
'Lectronic Link (Well) established.
October 1984
1,024 nodes on ARPANET/Internet.
1985
NSF organizes NSFNET backbone to connect five
supercomputing centers and interconnect all other Internet sites; Quantum
launches bulletin board subscription service with graphical user interface
(GUI).
March 15, 1985
Symbolic.com is assigned to become the first
registered domain
1986
5,000 hosts on the ARPANET/Internet
1987
10,000 hosts on the Internet, first Cisco
router shipped, Microsoft and 3Com join forces to compete with Novell; 25
million PC's sold in the U.S - one per six households.
December 1987
Sequoia Capital invests $2 million in exchange
for one-tiers of Cisco Systems.
1988
NSFNET backbone upgraded to T1 (1.544mbps)
1989
100,000 hosts on the Internet; Microsoft and
Novell discuss merger/acquisition (and do so again in 1991-1992); McAfee
Associates founded; gives away anti-virus software to build market share;
Quantum become America Online
1998
Clifford Stoll released his book "The Cuckoo's
Egg" - Tracking a spy through the maze of Computer Espionage
February 4, 1990
Cisco Systems goes public; at the IPO the
company is valued at $288 million.
1990
ARPANET is finally "installed" after 20 years;
Tim Berner-Lee created the World Wide Web at CERN in Switzerland.
August 28, 1990
Sany Lerner is fired from Cisco systems (and
Len Bosack resign shortly thereafter)
1990
Bob Metcalfe retires from 3Com
1991
Phil Zimmermann developed PGP and was
distributed as Freeware
1991
U.S. High Performance Computing Act (sponsored
by Senator Al Gore) establishes the National Research and Education Network
(NREN); James Gosling embarks on "The Green Project", which would become Java;
venture capitalist Technology Associates and Summit exchange $10 million for 50%
of McAfee Associates; each gains a 2000 percent return; CERN publishes the code
for the World Wide Web on the internet
1991
Phil Zimmerman release version 1 of Pretty Good
Privacy
June 9, 1992
Congressman Rick Boucher's amendment of the
National Science Foundation Act of 1950 allows commerce to flourish on the Net
(signed into law by President Bush on November 23,, 1992); 1,000,000 hosts on
the Internet
1992
Sandy Lerner acquires Chawton Manor as
headquarters for the Center for the Study of Early English Women's Writing.
January 2, 1992
This year was dedicated to my extensive technical training with Computer &
Network Technology. Also, programming and Project Management were introduced in
this year. Even by touching Computers a couple years before 1992, I would like
to use January 1992, as the year of a career step.
January 2, 1993
I joined Microsoft - Information Technology
1993
Mosaic browser developed by Marc Andreessen and
others at University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana (UICU)
The Web grows by 341,000 percent in a year.
Both the White House and the United Nations go online.
1993
U.S. Government files case again Phil Zimmerman
claiming export violation
February 1994
Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen meet
1994
Viacrypt obtains the right to sell PGP for
commercial use. Viacrypt releases version 2.7.1
1994
Architext Software founded by Joe Kraus, Graham
Soencer, at al, at Rosita's Burritos, Redwood City, California
April 1994
Netscape Communications founded; Apple Computer
launches e-world online service (decommissioned 1997); Jeff Bezos writes the
business plan for Amazon.com, online bookstore; Jave's first public
demonstration in Monterey, California
December 1994
Architext Software secures $300,000 in venture
capital funding from Kleiner, Perkins; Microsoft licenses technology from
Spyglass to develop a Web browser for Windows 95.
January 1995
Microsoft invests $16,4 million in UUNet
Technologies, an Internet service provider to carry the traffic for Microsoft
Network, to be included in Windows 95
February 1, 1995
I joined
UB Networks (formerly
Ungerman-Bass) to establish first Post-Sales department in Germany for UB
Networks with extended coverage throughout Europe.
May 11, 1995
Bill Gates writes his watershed memo, "The
Coming internet Tidal Wave"
1995
NSFNEt reverts back to a research network. Main
US backbone traffic now routed through interconnected network service providers.
August 9, 1995
Netscape's IPO, Shares priced at $ 28 open at
$70
August 24, 1995
Microsoft's Windows 95 is launched
October 1995
Architext changes its name to Excite
Jan 1994
Legal case against Phil Zimmerman dropped by
U.S. Courts
March 1994
PGP Inc. formed in merger with Viacrypt
April 1996
Excite's IPO values the company in excess of
$200 million
May 1996
Pasha Roberts and Ridaus Bhathena win MIT's
$50K Contest and establish their company, Webline.
1996
Bob Taylor retires from Digital Equipment
Corporation
Dec 1996
PGP Version 4.5 release with simple user
interface and a mail plug-in for Eudora
1997
McAfee & Network General became NETWORK
ASSOCIATES
March 1997
Excite moves into its own 80,000-square-foot
building in Redwood city, California
Jun 1997
PGP Version 5.0 released, first complete
product code re-write since version 1.0
Aug 1997
PGP Version 5.5 released, for both Business and
Personal, with PGP administrator
Oct 1997
PGP runs out of capital
Dec 1997
Network Associates acquires PGP Inc. in a stock
swap
1997
Cisco Systems market valuation exceeds $60
billion
May 1997
Newbridge Networks acquired UB Networks. and
I moved to Newbridge EMEA Support
1998
Version 6.0 release with PGP Disk for Windows
and a plug-in for Microsoft Outlook
March 1, 1998
Xylan
hired me to start a brand new
Post-Sales Operation in Central Europe.
May 17, 1998
United States Department of Justice and twenty
states file suit against Microsoft for anti-competitive practices in the
Internet-browser market.
September 1, 1998
The Starr Report published on the Internet;
traffic jams ensure
1999
PGPVersion 6.5 released with Virtual Private
Network (full X.509 support)
Early 1999
Alcatel acquired Xylan Corporation and
I moved into Alcatel
Internetworking Division as part of Xylan
September 2000
PGP Version 7.0 released based on new MS
Windows code. Major version includes PGP Firewall, ICQ Instant Messenger
plug-in, Windows 2000 Support, Notes mail plug-in and PGP Administrator for
large deployments
September 2000
Rainer Bemsel designed first
"User Authenticated VLan" based on Directory Server in Germany with Alcatel
(Xylan) switches. This was reported in a technical magazine, belonging to
Alcatel Internal News
September 18, 2000
Domain registration of
BEMSEL.COM &
BEMSEL.DE
October 1, 2000
www.bemsel.com
goes online
Dec 2000
PGP Version 7.0.3 release for Consumer and
Freeware users and 7.0.4 for Enterprise users, the last version of PGP to
support Windows 95
Jul 2001
PGP Version 7.1 released including a Corporate
Desktop Suite (PGP Mail, PGP Disk, PGP VPN, PGP Firewall)
Oct 2001
Network Associates announces PGP business unit
for sale
Dec 2001
PGP Version 7.1.1 released
April1, 2002
I joined
Network Associates
Jun 2002
PGP Corporation buys back PGP products and
intellectual property from Network Associates
Aug 2002
PGP and Network Associates announce the sale of
PGP assets. PGP Announces partner in Europe, Middle East & Africa
Oct 2002
Version 7.2 for MAC OS 9 ships
PGP moves into new corporate facilities in Palo Alto, California
PGP announces US and Canada partner reseller program
PGP assumes worldwide technical support responsibilities
PGP announces partners in Latin America, SE Asia and Australia
Sep 2002
Domain greypanthers.de has been registered
Nov 2002
Grey Panthers Webpage goes online. This Project
was done to support my hockey team
Dec 2002
Version 8.0 for MacIntosh and Windows ships
PGP Personal and PGP Firewall ship
PGP release source code for peer review
Jan 2003
Network Associates acquires Anti-Spam Specialist
DEERSOFT
April, 2 2003
Network Associates announced to acquire INTRUVERT
NETWORKS
April, 4 2003
Network Associates announced to acquire
ENTERCEPT SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES
June, 29 2003
www.bemsel.com has
been redesigned and goes online again
May, 15 2004
I have joined
Packeteer, the leading
provider of Application Perfomance Management Platforms
July, 7 2004
I passed Packeteer
Certified Expert Exam after 8 Weeks, 2 Days, 11 Hours & 15 Minutes. I never
touched a PacketShaper before I actually joined Packeteer in May, 2004.
Q4 2004
Lee Chen founded A10 Networks
Dec, 22 2004
Packeteer announced that it has acquired Mentat Inc., a technology leader in
protocol acceleration for satellite and high-latency network links. This opened
a new technology for me
addressing Limitations of TCP
Sep,26 2005
Packeteer & Tacit Networks forge strategic alliance to deliver best-of-bread
Server Consolidation Solutions
Sep, 05 2006
Packeteer buys Tacit Networks to meet WAFS needs. With Microsoft Partnership and
Windows Storage Systems on a former Tacit Appliance
I was asked to cover that new technology, as well.
I do not want to miss that experience, because it helped me a lot by running
end-user projects in a broader sense.
June, 09 2008
Blue Coat completes Acquisition of Packeteer. Most of Packeteer Employees
remained with Blue Coat Systems, so did I
and facing new challenges and opportunities.
February, 01 2009
Giving a new opportunity with NetQoS, I accepted
an offer to help NetQoS
increasing business in DACH.
November, 19 2009
CA acquired NetQoS
April, 1 2010
NetQoS is now part of CA Technologies in the Service Assurance Business Unit. I am still responsible for NetQoS products inside this Business Unit